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E0145 - The effect of Al2O3 on sintering and crystallization of MgSiO3-based glass-powder compacts
The influence of Al2O3 (8 wt.%) on sintering and crystallization features of glass powders based on magnesium silicate (MgSiO3) was experimentally determined. The investigated compositions were Y0.125Mg0.875Si0.875B0.125O3 and Y0.125Mg0.725Ba0.15Si0.875B0.125O3. For the experiments, glasses in bulk and frit forms were produced by melting in Pt-crucible at 1600¡C for 1.5 h. Glass-powder compacts were sintered at different temperatures between 900¡C and 1100¡C. The evolution of crystalline regime was determined by in situ recording of X-ray diffractograms of fine glass powders at elevated temperatures. The results and their discussion showed that addition of 8 wt.% Al2O3 in glass batches affected the thermal properties of the glasses and resulted in MgSiO3-based glass ceramics well sintered between 900¡C and 1100¡C. In the BaO-free MgSiO3 glass ceramics, clino- and orthoenstatite crystallize while the presence of BaO favours the formation of hexacelsian.
A. Goel, D.U. Tulyaganov, S. Agathopoulos, J.M.F. Ferreira, Ceramics International xxx (2007) xxx-xxx
E0144 - X-ray diffraction, 119Sn Mšssbauer and thermal study of SnSe-Bi2Se3 system
The phase equilibrium diagram of the SnSe-Bi2Se3 system has been re-investigated using X-ray powder diffraction, thermal analysis (DTA and DSC) and 119Sn Mšssbauer spectroscopy data. It shows solid solutions based on Bi2Se3 and SnSe ( alpha and beta forms) and three intermediate phases: well-defined, SnBi4Se7, SnBi4Se7, and a new phase Sn2Bi2Se5. The new phase Sn2Bi2Se5 exists in the composition range 25-55 mol% Bi2Se3. Its structure is still under study. However, 119Sn Mšssbauer spectroscopy study of the latter allowed to achieve a well knowledge of the local environment of tin atoms and could contribute to the actual structural study.
K. Adouby, M.L. Elidrissi Moubtassim, C.P. Vicente, J.C. Jumas, A.A. TourŽ, Journal of Alloys and Compounds xxx (2007) xxx-xxx
E0143 - Three-dimensional framework of uranium-centered polyhedra with non-intersecting channels in the uranyl oxy-vanadates A2(UO2)3(VO4)2O (A = Li, Na)
The uranyl vanadates A2(UO2)3(VO4)2O (A = Li, Na) have been synthesized by solid-state reaction and the structure of the Li compound was solved from single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure is built from [UO5] 4- chains of edge-shared U(2)O7 pentagonal bipyramids alternatively parallel to a- and b-axis and further connected together to form a three-dimensional (3-D) arrangement. The perpendicular chains are hung on both sides of a sheet [(UO2)(VO4)2] 4- parallel to (001), formed by U(1)O6 square bipyramids connected by VO4 tetrahedra, and derived from the autunite-type sheet. The resulting 3-D framework creates nonintersecting channels running down the a- and b-axis formed by empty face-shared oxygen octahedra, the Li+ ions are displaced from the center of the channels and occupy the middle of one edge of the common face. The peculiar position of the Li+ ion together with the full occupancy explain the low conductivity of Li2(UO2)3(VO4)2O compared with that of Na(UO2)4(VO4)3 containing the same type of channels half occupied by Na+ ions in the octahedral sites. Crystallographic data for Li2(UO2)3(VO4)2O: tetragonal, space group I41/amd, a = 7,3303(5) , c = 24,653(3) , V = 1324,7(2) ^3, Z = 4, Pmes = 5,32(2) g/cm3, Pcal = 5,36(3) g/cm3, full-matrix least-squares refinement basis on F? yielded, R1 = 0,032, wR2 = 0,085 for 37 refined parameters with 364 independent reflections with I>2s(I).
S. Obbade, L. Duvieubourg, C. Dion, F. Abraham, Journal of Solid State Chemistry 180 (2007) 866-872
E0142 - Fabrication and characterization of Pb-free transparent dielectric layer for plasma display panel
Glasses within the Bi2O3-B2O3-BaO-ZnO system were examined as potential replacements for PbO-based glass frits with low firing temperatures. These frits are used in the transparent dielectric layer of plasma display panels (PDP). The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the prepared glasses varied between 450 and 460¡C. These glasses display dynamic dielectric properties, high transparency and thermal expansion as well as matching well with substrate glass. The thermal coefficient of expansion (TCE) was with the desired range of 81-86.10^(-7)/K. Moreover, when the screen printed film was heat-treated at 570¡C for 30 min, optical transmittance (83%), root-mean square (rms) roughness (177.6 ), dielectric constant (10.25) and withstand voltage (4.15 kV) satisfied the requirements necessary for transparent dielectric layers to be used in PDP applications.
J-Y. Song, S-Y. Choi, Displays 27 (2006) 112-116
E0141 - Preparation and characterization of CuO doped Bi2O3-B2O3-BaO-ZnO glass system for transparent dielectric layer
The electrical, thermal, optical, and morphological properties of CUO doped Bi2O3-B2O3-BaO-ZnO glasses were studied as a PbOfree, low firing transparent dielectric layer for plasma display panels (PDP). CuO improved the transmittance of Bi2O3-B2O3-BaO-ZnO by up to 84% in the visible region, eliminating a yellowish color typical of Bi2O3-B2O3-BaO-ZnO. A slight absorption within the near infrared (NIR) region was also observed. The glass transition temperature (Tg), thermal coefficient of expansion (TCE), and root-mean square (rms) roughness of 0.005 wt% CuO doped Bi2O3-B2O3-BaO-ZnO were found to be 455¡C, 81.4 x 10^(-7)/K, respectively, and 162 ± 14 , which satisfied the requirements for a transparent dielectric layer for PDP application.
J-Y. Song, T-J. Park, S-Y. Choi, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 352 (2006) 5403-5407
E0140 - Thermomechanical characteristics of calcium aluminate cement and sand tapes prepared by tape casting
The present paper concerns the mechanical characterization of calcium aluminate cement and sand tapes prepared by tape casting, including ultrasonic measurements of Young's modulus at high temperature and evaluation of four point flexural behavior after heat treatments in the range of 20-1400¡C. It is shown that dehydration strongly affects mechanical properties in the 400-900¡C range, but that treatments at temperatures higher than 1200¡C increase both Young's modulus and strength. By correlation with thermal and X-ray diffraction analyses, the evolutions of thermomechanical properties have been related to phase and microstructural changes when heating the material after hydration: conversion of hydrates and dehydration at low temperature, then, crystallization of C-A and C-A-S phases and finally sintering at the highest temperatures. In a last part, it is shown that the reinforcement by glass fibres enhances the mechanical properties, in particular in the temperature range of dehydration, and gives to the material a non-brittle behavior.
J. Soro, A. Smith, C. Gault, Journal of the European Ceramic Society 26 (2006) 3799-3807
E0139 - Nucleation and crystal growth of glasses produced by a generic plasma arc-process
The feasibility to crystallise a glass prepared by thermal plasma vitrification of hospital wastes to produce a glass-ceramic suitable to be used as a construction material was investigated by using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Two crystallisation exotherms in DTA were attributed to the formation of wollastonite and a crystalline phase belonging to the melilite group (gehlenite or akermanite). DTA tests have shown that the glass is not suitable for bulk crystallisation and must be converted into a glass-ceramic by using the sintering process route through a single crystallisation step at 1000¡Cfor 10 min.
M.S. Hernandez-Crespo, M. Romero, J.Ma. Rincon, Journal of the European Ceramic Society 26 (2006) 1679-1685
E0138 - Synthesis of glass-ceramics in the CaO-MgO-SiO2 system with B2O3, P2O5, Na2O and CaF2 additives
Glass-ceramics based on the CaO-MgO-SiO2 system with limited amount of additives (B2O3, P2O5, Na2O and CaF2) were prepared. All the investigated compositions were melted at 1400¡C for 1 h and quenched in air or water to obtain transparent bulk or frit glass, respectively. Raman spectroscopy revealed that the main constituents of the glass network are the silicates Q1 and Q2 units. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed liquid.liquid phase separation and that the glasses are prone to surface crystallization. Glass-ceramics were produced via sintering and crystallization of glass-powder compacts made of milled glass-frit (mean particle size 11-15µm). Densification started at 620-625¡C and was almost complete at 700¡C. Crystallization occurred at temperatures >700¡C. Highly dense and crystalline materials, predominantly composed of diopisde and wollastonite together with small amounts of akermanite and residual glassy phase, were obtained after heat treatment at 750¡C and 800¡C. The glass.ceramics prepared at 800¡C exhibited bending strength of 116-141MPa, Vickers microhardness of 4.53-4.65 GPa and thermal expansion coefficient (100-500¡C) of 9.4-10.8 x 10^(-6) K-1.
D.U. Tulyaganov, S. Agathopoulos, J.M. Ventura, M.A. Karakassides, O. Fabrichnaya, J.M.F. Ferreira, Journal of the European Ceramic Society 26 (2006) 1463-1471
E0137 - Processing of glass-ceramics in the SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-MgO-CaO-Na2O-(P2O5)-F system via sintering and crystallization of glass powder compacts
Glass-ceramics were produced by crystallization of glasses in the SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-MgO-CaO-Na2O-F system. The experimental results showed that bulk glasses are prone to surface crystallization. Hence, crystallization of bulk glasses resulted in non-homogeneous crystalline materials, which comprised relatively coarse crystals. Therefore, processing was realized using glass-powder compacts. Maximum densification was reached at 700-750¡C. This interval is positioned at relatively lower temperatures than those often reported for similar sintered glass-ceramics. Doping with P2O5 improved sintering behaviour and broadened sintering temperature range. Sintering between 750 and 800¡C resulted in materials, which exhibited dense crystalline microstructure and the maximum flexural strength.
D.U. Tulyaganov, S. Agathopoulos, H.R. Fernandes, J.M.F. Ferreira, Ceramics International 32 (2006) 195-200
E0135 - Low temperature synthesis of anorthite based glass-ceramics via sintering and crystallization of glass-powder compacts
Anorthite based glass-ceramics were synthesized. The investigated glass compositions are located close to the anorthite-rich corner of the fluorapatite-anorthite-diopside ternary system. Glass powder compacts with mean particle size of 2 and 10 µm were prepared. Sintering behaviour, crystallization and the properties of glass-ceramics were investigated between 800 and 950¡C. In the case of specimens made from the finer particles, complete densification was achieved at a remarkably low temperature (825¡C) and the highest mechanical strength was obtained at 850¡C, but density significantly decreased at higher temperatures. The samples prepared from the larger particles exhibited higher values of density, shrinkage and bending strength within a wider temperature range (825-900¡C). Anorthite was predominantly crystallized between 850 and 950¡C, along with traces of fluorapatite. Diopside was detected only in the MgO richer compositions.
V.M.F. Marques, D.U. Tulyaganov, S. Agathopoulos, V.Kh. Gataullin, G.P. Kothiyal, J.M.F. Ferreira, Journal of the European Ceramic Society 26 (2006) 2503-2510
E0134 - Crystallization of lanthanum and yttrium aluminosilicate glasses
The crystallization behaviour of aluminosilicate glasses of lanthanum (LAS) and yttrium (YAS) containing 2-8 mol% of Ln2O3 (Ln = La or Y), 12-30 mol% of Al2O3, and 64-80 mol% of SiO2 has been studied by DTA, XRD and SEM-EDX analysis. X-ray diffraction results indicate the presence of the mullite phase and La2Si2O7 in the monoclinic high-temperature G form (group space P21/c) for the LAS glasses, and mullite y-Y2Si2O7 in the monoclinic structure (group space C2/ m) and a small amount of b-Y2Si2O7 in the orthorhombic structure (space group Pna2) for the YAS. For both cases, very little tridymite phase is observed. The results also show that the values of Tg for YAS are higher than those for LAS glasses. The crystallization of LAS glasses is more difficult than that of YAS. For all samples, we observed only one kind of mullite (Al/Si = 3.14).
N. Sadiki, J.P. Coutures, C. Fillet, J.L. Dussossoy, Journal of Nuclear Materials 348 (2006) 70-78
E0133 - Effect of ZrO2 nucleant on crystallisation behaviour, microstructure and magnetic properties of BaO-Fe2O3-B2O3-SiO2 glass ceramics
Differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to study the crystallisation of glass ribbons with a composition of 35% BaO, 35% Fe2O3, 20% B2O3 and 10% SiO2 (mol%) with 1% ZrO2 added as a nucleant. The magnetic properties of ribbons prepared via cooling the melts between steel rollers were measured with a vibrating sample magnetometer. The addition of ZrO2 apparently resulted in a quite distinct glass-in glass phase separation in as prepared specimens, greatly affecting the nucleation process. Heat treatment of specimens at their DTA exo-peak temperature of 721¡C led to the formation of BaFe12O19 and BaB2O4 as the only crystalline phases. The glass ribbons heat treated in one-stage exhibited a quite non-uniform distribution of particles exhibiting exagerated grain growth, while a two-stage heat treatment at 526 and 721¡C for different time periods generally led to more uniform distribution of platelet particles. The values of saturation magnetisation of specimens were in the Ms = 23-29 emu/g range, while the coercivity values varied between Hc = 1800-3000 Oe.
M. Mirkazemi, V.K. Marghussian, A. Beitollahi, S.X. Dou, D. Wexler, K. Konstantinov, Ceramics International 33 (2007) 463-469
E0132 - Local and average atomic order of ion-conducting Bi0.775La0.225O1.5 studied by neutron scattering and reverse Monte Carlo simulations
Bi0.775La0.225O1.5 has been investigated by means of neutron scattering in combination with Rietveld refinement and reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulations to study the average and local atomic order of the material. At low temperature the crystallographic analysis shows a clear split of anionic positions similar to that reported for Sr doped bismuth oxides. Although this split appears to be absent in the average structure at high temperature, an even larger split of Bi-O local distances is found in the pair distribution function calculated from the RMC models. This latter feature can be indicative of a tendency to have similar oxygen environments for all Bi atoms at high temperature, as a precursor of the fluorite structure that is the stable phase at even higher temperatures.
A. Ahi, A. Mellergard, S-G. Eriksson, Solid State Ionics 177 (2006) 289-297
E0131 - Evidence for the nucleation and epitaxial growth of Zn phyllosilicate on montmorillonite
Zinc uptake in suspensions (63.7 g L 1) ofMX80montmorillonite was investigated at pH4.0 and 7.3, a total Zn concentration ([Zn]total) of 500 lM, and dissolved Si concentrations ([Si]aq) of 70 and 500 lMin 0.5 MNaCl, by kinetics experiments and polarized extended Xray absorption fine structure (P-EXAFS) spectroscopy. Differential thermogravimetric analysis verified the cis-vacant character of the montmorillonite. No Zn uptake occurred at pH 4.0, confirming that cation exchange was hampered by the high ionic strength of the suspension. At pH 7.3 and low [Si]aq ( 70 lM), Zn uptake occurred rapidly during the first hour of reaction, and then leveled off to 50 lmol/g montmorillonite at 168 h. The uptake rate is consistent with Zn sorption on pH-dependent edge sites. At pH 7.3 and high [Si]aq ( 500 lM), the initial sorption rate was similar, but Zn sorption continued, reaching 130 lmol/g at 168 h, and was paralleled by Si uptake with a Si/Zn uptake ratio of 1.51(10), suggesting formation of a Zn (hydrous) silicate. P-EXAFS data indicated that the first oxygen coordination shell of sorbed Zn is split into two subshells at 1.97(2) and 2.08(3)-2.12(2) for all EXAFS samples. These two distances are assigned to a mixture of tetrahedral (IVZn) and octahedral (VIZn) Zn complexes. The proportion of IVZn was lower in the high [Si]aq samples and decreased with reaction time. Al low [Si]aq and 216 h of reaction, nearest cationic shells of 0.6(4) Al in the film plane and 0.5(4) Si out of the film plane were detected at 3.00(2) and 3.21(2) , respectively, and were interpreted as the formation of IVZn and VIZn mononuclear complexes at the edges of montmorillonite platelets, in structural continuity to the (Al, Mg) octahedral sheets. At high [Si]aq, in-plane Zn and Al and out-of-plane Si neighbors were detected at 4 h, indicating the formation of Zn phyllosilicate nuclei at the layer edges. At 313 h, Zn-Al pairs were no longer detected, and Zn atoms were surrounded on average by 3.4(5) in-plane Zn at 3.10(1) and 1.7(9) out-of-plane Si at 3.30(2) , supporting the precipitation of a Zn phyllosilicate. Thus, dioctahedral Al phyllosilicate may act as a nucleating surface for the heterogeneous formation of trioctahedral Zn phyllosilicate at [Si]aq relevant to natural systems.
M.L. Schlegel, A. Manceau, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70 (2006) 901-917
E0130 - Chemical inhomogeneity of intermetallic phases precipitates formed during solidification of Al-Si alloys
In this work, the results of an examination of the solidification process of the AlSi6 and AlSi12 alloys as influenced by the content of the transition metals, Fe, Mn and Cr, are presented. The concentration of these elements in alloys prepared from pure components has been changed in the following range: Fe 0.5-3 wt.%, Mn 0-2 wt.% and Cr 0.3 wt.%. The thermal effects during solidification of alloys at a cooling rate of 3.3 K/min (between liquidus and solidus) connected with forming of structural components of alloy were determined. The temperature of the phase transformations was evaluated and correlated with chemical composition of alloys. It was stated that, on an average, an increase in Fe and Mn content of about 1 wt.% increases the temperature of primary proeutectic iron-bearing phase precipitation by about 40 K (in the examined range of the alloys compositions). By means of microscopic observations of the alloy microstructure, the morphology of the primary phase precipitates frozen at a chosen temperature was estimated. On the basis of the results of X-ray microanalysis (EDS), the chemical composition of the primary iron-bearing phases was analysed, and a relation among the components (i.e., Al, Si, Fe, Mn and Cr) was established. The sequence of microstructural component formation during solidification of the alloys examined was presented.
M. Warmuzek, W. Ratuszek, G. Sek-Sas, Materials Characterization 54 (2005) 31-40
E0129 - A study on colouration and axial variation of composition in the single crystal of lead tungstate grown by Czochralski technique
A thorough study reveals the importance of a proper synthesis condition in the growth of colour-free lead tungstate single crystals. An optimised synthesis scheme is described. The temperature gradient required, above the melt, for the growth of crack-free crystals is 25¡C/cm. Differential thermal analysis shows that an improper synthesis results in a compositional variation along the vertical axis of the crystal. UV-visible absorption detects an enhanced absorption in the wavelength, 380-450nm for the pale yellow-coloured crystals. Annealing in air for 15 h at 1050¡C removes the special blue absorption in the coloured crystal.
I. Bhaumik, S. Ganesamoorthy, A.K. Karnal, V.K. Wadhawan, Journal of Crystal Growth 275 (2005) e839-e842
E0128 - Selective oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde over V-Mg-O catalysts
The results of a complex investigation of V-Mg-O catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of methanol are presented. The efficiency of vanadium-magnesium oxide catalysts in production of formaldehyde has been evaluated. Strong dependence of the formaldehyde yield and selectivity upon vanadium oxide loading and the conditions of heat treatment of the catalyst were observed. The parameters of the preparation mode for the efficient catalyst were identified. In optimised reaction conditions the V-Mg-O catalysts at the temperature approximate 450¡C ensured the formation of formaldehyde with the yield of 94% at the selectivity of 97%. No visible changes in the performance of the catalyst (methanol conversion, formaldehyde yield and selectivity) were detected during the 60 h of operation in prolonged runs. Characterization of the catalyst by XRD, IR, and UV methods suggests the formation of species of the pyrovanadate type (Mg2V2O7) with irregular structure on the surface of a V-Mg-O catalyst. These species make the catalyst efficient for methanol ODH.
G.V. Isaguliants, I.P. Belomestnykh, Catalysis Today 100 (2005) 441-445
E0127 - Effect of strontium and cooling rate upon eutectic temperatures of A319 aluminum alloy
DTA analysis was used to investigate the solidification reactions of alloy A319 with either 12 or 136 ppm of Sr added. Strontium does not affect primary solidification of (Al) dendrites but modifies the kinetics of the (Al)-Si eutectic. The effects of Sr level and of cooling rate on the characteristic temperatures for the (Al)-Si and other eutectic reactions are described.
E.J. Martinez D., M.A. Cisneros G., S. Valtierra, J. Lacaze, Scripta Materialia 52 (2005) 439-443
E0126 - Growth features of RENi2B2C (RE = Y, Ho, Tb) single crystals
Features characterizing the perfection of high-quality YNi2B2C, HoNi2B2C and TbNi2B2C single crystals grown by the floating zone technique with optical heating in the TSFZ regime are investigated. The grown crystals are crack free, single phase and single crystalline in the whole cross-section. Various origins of small fractions of minority phases in several crystals impurities, phase diagram features and limits of growth parameters are revealed. For the crystals a subgrain misorientation o0.151 was determined by neutron diffraction. The YNi2B2C crystals show an extremely narrow superconducting transition width 0.1K and high residual resistivity ratios up to 48. Longitudinal and radial element segregation phenomena with particular respect to the light elements are related to the various modifications of superconducting properties and Tc variations in HoNi2B2C single crystals. The interface shape and radial segregation suggest a noticeable convection flow in HoNi2B2C melts.
D. Souptel, G. Behr, A. Kreyssig, W. Lšser, Journal of Crystal Growth 276 (2005) 652-662
E0125 - Delineation of phase fields at the Te-rich end of the Ru-Te binary system
The tellurium rich side of the ruthenium-tellurium binary system was studied by differential thermal analysis. To avoid reported problems of Te loss by evaporation and reactive interference of Te to the thermocouples of the thermal analyzer, the present study made use of specially designed sealed quartz capsules as DTA containers. The thermal analyses were carried out over the compositional range of 0.66 < xTe < 1.00 with the help of SETARAM TG/DTA and other indigenously built thermal analyzers available in this laboratory. The thermal data generated for fifteen different compositions were interpreted for the nature of phase transitions occurring at their characteristic temperatures. The Ru-Te binary system was found to have a eutectic transformation at 444¡C at a composition of xTe = 0.918 and a monotectic transformation at 447¡C at a composition of xTe = 0.700. Up to 6 at.% Ru is soluble in Te at about 440¡C.
M. Ali (Basu), S.R. Bharadwaj, D. Das, Journal of Nuclear Materials 340 (2005) 214-218
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- May 20, 2012 - May 25, 2012
HTCPM 2012
Les Embiez, FranceHTCPM 20128th International Symposium on High-Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials20 - 25 May, 2012Les Embiez, France The goal of this international symposium is to reflect the interests of the major industries dependent on the successful application of high-temperature materials, providing a periodic updating on the current research and understanding in these areas.
- May 16, 2012 - May 18, 2012
INNOSTOCK 2012
Lleida, SpainINNOSTOCK 2012The 12th International Conference on Energy Storage16-18 May 2012Innostock 2012 is part of the Stock conference series sponsored by the ECES IA of the International Energy Agency.Innostock 2012 will gather the world’s leading specialists and academic researchers within the field of energy efficiency through energy storage. Energy storage will present in all its topics:• Underground thermal energy storage• Sensible, latent and thermochemical energy storage• Electrical storage
- May 14, 2012 - May 18, 2012
11th International Hydrocolloids Conference
Purdue University, USA11th International Hydrocolloids ConferenceBiofunctionality and Technofunctionality of Hydrocolloids14-18 May 2012, Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, USAThe 11th International Hydrocolloids Conference is organized by the world-renowned Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research and will be held at The Stewart Center at Purdue University, Indiana, USA.
- April 30, 2012 - May 03, 2012
Carbon Capture Utilization & Sequestration
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania - United States 11th Annual Conference on Carbon Capture Utilization & Sequestration April 30 - May 3, 2012Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania The 2012 Conference program follows in the footsteps of the past 10 events, with an added emphasis this year on potential utilization of anthropogenic carbon emissions that is reflected in the new name of the conference. The focus is on systems and technologies that are being or could be deployed in the U.S. and North America.
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