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L0027 - Influence of titanium nitride addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiC-based cermets
In this paper, the TiC-based cermets with addition of TiN were fabricated by a conventional powder metallurgy process. The titanium nitride (TiN) and titanium carbide (TiC) used as starting powders have been synthesized by the self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) method. This exothermic reaction, easy to process, allows to obtain fine and original powders from lowcost raw materials. Cermets obtained by sintering powders of TiC and Mo2C with nickel binder phase are investigated. The effect of TiN adding on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of these composites are studied. Microstructures have been observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Room temperature mechanical properties such as Young s modulus, fracture toughness and microhardness have been measured and related to morphology and chemical composition of the samples. Tribological experiments were also performed and the friction coefficient of a cermet containing titanium nitride was compared with that of other hard materials. The SHS starting powders used present some particularities, as it was shown in a previous study [Mate"riaux a\' base de carbures et nitrures, pour coupe et usure, obtenus a\' partir de poudre SHS, PhD Thesis, INSA Lyon, 2004]. The purpose of this work is to show that results concerning the impact of TiN addition on microstructure and mechanical properties obtained on bulk specimens, from these original starting powders, are similar to the ones obtained on alloys from commercial starting powders.
J. Russias, S. Cardinal, Y. Aguni, G. Fantozzi, K. Bienvenu, J. Fontaine, International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials 23 (2005) 358-362
L0026 - High temperature properties of SiC and diamond CVD-monofilaments
The chemical, structural and thermomechanical properties of SiC and diamond CVD-monofilaments have been investigated. Electron and Raman microprobe analyses showed graded radial atomic and phase distributions in the SiC filaments. Thermomechanical investigations (tensile/bending elastic modulus/creep tests) were carried out on single filaments and these properties were correlated with the physicochemical features. The thermal behaviour of the CVD-SiC filaments is strongly related to the nature and the amounts of intergranular secondary phases (free carbon or silicon). The strong covalent bonds and the microcrystalline state of the CVD-diamond filaments give rise to an outstanding thermal behaviour.
G. Chollon, R. Naslaina, C. Prentice, R. Shatwell, P. May, Journal of the European Ceramic Society 25 (2005) 1929-1942
L0025 - Experimental assessment of thermophysical properties of (Pu,Zr)N
The thermophysical properties of plutonium-zirconium nitride (0-25 at.% Pu), namely heat capacity, thermal conductivity and thermal expansion were measured on pellets produced thanks to the well established pellet pressing route. The experimental results obtained on ZrN were consistent with the existing literature data. The thermal properties measurements reported for (Pu0.25Zr0.75)N were in rather good agreement with predictive values calculated from ZrN and PuN available data.
V. Basini, J.P. Ottaviani, J.C. Richaud, M. Streit, F. Ingold, Journal of Nuclear Materials 344 (2005) 186-190
L0024 - Synthesis of CaAl2O4 from powders: Particle size effect
Starting from high energetic attrition milled mixtures of either alpha-Al2O3 or amorphous (Al(OH)3) with CaCO3 the binary compound calcium monoaluminate (CaAl2O4) was synthesized with high purity. The processes were carried out on samples with the nominal CaAl2O4 stoichiometry. High energetic attrition milling of the reactants does not eliminate the starting carbonate, both batches showed a high degree of homogeneity and they behaved similarly on heating, forming CaAl2O4 at temperatures lower than 1300¡C. These temperatures are lower than that required for the traditional solid state reaction process. The CaAl2O4 synthesis path implies the formation of cryptocrystalline and crystalline Al2O3, CaO, Ca12Al14O33 and CaAl4O7 as transitory phases. The nucleation and growth of CaAl2O4 took place at 1300¡C and shows a porous structure and small grain size (-1.5 m).
J.M. Rivas Mercury, A.H. De Aza, P. Pena, Journal of the European Ceramic Society 25 (2005) 3269-3279
L0023 - Colloidal processing and sintering of nanosized transition aluminas
The dispersion of nanosized gamma aluminas with high specific surfaces areas (100 m2/g) and primary particle sizes around 20 nm, using polyacrylic acid, has been investigated. The effect of pH and polymer concentration showed that the highest density green bodies were produced using high polymer concentrations (6 wt.%) and pH of 6. Interparticle potential calculations have been made and help explain the underlying dispersion mechanism at least on a qualitative level. The dispersions were then used to slip cast green bodies followed by drying and sintering. The types of gamma alumina powder have been investigated, the pure gamma alumina, doped with MgO and also with the addition of alpha alumina seeds. The high degree of agglomeration of the gamma alumina powders led to very low densities (60%) even the alpha seeded alumina reached only 85% theoretical density. Attrition milling with zirconia media improves both green density and sintered densities significantly with all powders showing sintered densities >97%. Microstructural analysis on polished and etched surfaces show, however, that the grain sizes are well above 1 Am over 50 times greater than the initial gamma alumina primary particles. A two-step sintering cycle was investigated with the Mg doped powder and average grain sizes around 580 nm were achieved.
P. Bowen, C. Carry, D. Luxembourg, H. Hofmann, Powder Technology 157 (2005) 100 - 107
L0022 - Evolution of the coefficient of thermal expansion of a thermosetting polymer during cure reaction
The evolution of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of a thermosetting polymer during cure reaction is an important parameter for industrial applications such as composite processing since it influences the development of internal stresses in the material. The CTE being almost impossible to measure on a reacting thermoset, we propose to use an indirect method based on the modelling of ionic conductivity by a modified WLF equation, allowing to calculate the evolution of CTE from dielectric spectroscopy measurements. This method is applied to a dicyanate ester thermosetting polymer, leading to encouraging results both qualitatively and quantitatively.
E. Leroy, J. Dupuy, A. Maazouz, G. Seytre, Polymer 46 (2005) 9919-9927
L0021 - Mullite compacts obtained by colloidal filtration of alumina powders dispersed in colloidal silica suspensions
This work deals with the manufacture of mullite-matrix composites by a colloidal filtration route. Avariation of the transient viscous sintering process is studied in which submicrometer sized alumina particles are dispersed in a nanosize colloidal silica
O. Burgos-Montes, M.I. Nieto, R. Moreno, Ceramics International 33 (2007) 327-332
L0020 - Synthesis and sintering of porous La0.8 Sr0.2 MnO3 powder
In this research, La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 precursors were synthesized from metallic nitrates by sol-gel method using polyacrylic acid (PAA) as the chelating to prepare pure and porous powders for the cathode application in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The LSM powders after dried and sintered at suitable temperatures were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning, and transmission electron microscopes (SEM and TEM). The LSM powder with nano-crystalline synthesized by adding (P)AA/LSM = 2 was obtained after calcined at 500¡C for 2h, and still kept porous character up to 1000¡C.
H-R. Hsu, S-C. Wang, W-C.J. Wei, Bulletin of the College of Engineering, N.T.U. 89 (2003) 83-90
L0019 - Processing and characterization of La2O3/Al2O3/B2O3 based glass-ceramics for LTCC application
A lead-free, non-alkali and low-sintering temperature, La2O3-Al2O3-B2O3 (LAB) glass with Al2O3 filler had been investigated for LTCC application. The glass melting, processing window of tape casting, and sintering of the LAB glass-ceramic systems the wetting behaviors of the LAB glass on alumina plate, and the crystallization kinetics in the LAB/Al2O3 glass-ceramics were also studied. Moreover, systematic studies of thermal characteristics, phase transformation and microstructures during different heat-treatments were investigated by DTA, XRD, TMA, SEM/EDS, TEM, and AEM. The densification and crystallization temperatures of LAB glass performed between 800¡C-850¡C. Additionally, the sintering and dielectric properties of layer LAB/Al2O3 glass-ceramics with Ag electrode were also measured. The densification kinetics and possible defects during the cofiring will be reported.
C-L.B. Chen, W-C.J. Wei and A. Roosen
L0018 - The linear thermal expansion and the thermal diffusivity measurements for near-stoichiometric (U, Ce)O2 solid solutions
The thermal diffusivities of near-stoichiometric (U, Ce)O2 solid solutions containing CeO2 up to 22 mol% were investigated in the temperature range of 298-1273 K using the laser flash method. Also, linear thermal expansion measurements were performed in the temperature range of 298-1673 K using a thermomechanical analysis. The thermal conductivities were determined by a calculation of the thermal diffusivity, the density and the specific heat. The thermal conductivities of the tested samples could be expressed as a function of the temperature by the phonon conduction equation k = (A + BT)-1. The thermal conductivity decreased gradually with an increasing Ce content. This was attributable to the increasing lattice defect thermal resistance caused by the U4+, Ce4+ and O2- ions as phonon scattering centers.
D-J. Kim, Y-S. Kim, S-H. Kim, J-H. Kim, J-H. Yang, Y-W. Lee and H-S. Kim, Thermochimica Acta 441 (2006) 127-131
L0017 - Low-temperature synthesis and sintering of y-Y2Si2O7
In this article, a novel pressureless solid-liquid reaction method is presented for preparation of yttrium disilicate ( -Y2Si2O7). Single-phase -Y2Si2O7 powder was synthesized by calcination of SiO2 and Y2O3 powders with the addition of LiYO2 at 1400¡Cfor 4 h. The addition of LiYO2 significantly decreased the synthesis temperature, shortened the calcination time, and enhanced the stability of -Y2Si2O7. The sintering of these powders in air and O2 was studied by means of thermal mechanical analyzer. It is shown that the -Y2Si2O7 sintered in oxygen had a faster densification rate and a higher density than that sintered in air. Furthermore, single-phase -Y2Si2O7 with a density of 4.0 g/cm3 (99% of the theoretical density) was obtained by pressureless sintering at 1400¡Cfor 2 h in oxygen. Microstructures of the sintered samples are studied by scanning electron microscope.
Z. Sun, Y. Zhou and M. Li, Journal of Materials Research 21 (2006) 1443-1450
L0016 - Effect of alumina concentration on thermal and structural properties of MAS glass and glass-ceramics
Magnesium aluminum silicate (MAS) glass samples with different concentrations of alumina (7.58 to 14.71 mol%) were prepared by melt and quench-technique. Total Mg content in the form of MgF2+MgO was kept constant at 25 mol%. MAS glass was converted into glass-ceramics by controlled heat treatment at around 950¡C. Crystalline phases present in different samples were identified by powder X-ray diffraction technique. Dilatometry technique was used to measure the thermal expansion coefficient and glass transition temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to study the microstructure of the glass-ceramic sample. It is seen from X-ray diffraction studies that at low Al2O3 concentrations (up to 10.5 mol%) both MgSiO3 and fluorophlogopite phases are present and at higher Al2O3 concentrations of 12.3 and 14.7 mol%, fluorophlogopite and magnesium silicate (Mg2SiO4), respectively are found as major crystalline phases. The average thermal expansion co-efficient (avg) of the glass samples decreases systematically from 9.8 to 5.5 x 10^(-6)¡C-1 and the glass transition temperature (T g) increases from 610.1 to 675¡C with increase in alumina content. However, in glass-ceramic samples the avg varies in somewhat complex manner from 6.8 to 7.9 x 10^(-6)¡C-1 with variation of Al2O3 content. This was thought to be due to the presence of different crystalline phases, their relative concentration and microstructure.
M. Goswami, A. Sarkar, B.I. Sharma, V.K. Shrikande and G.P. Kothiyal, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 78 (2004) 699-705
L0015 - Thermal analysis of coal minerals, ash and slag
x
J.D. Saxby, S.P. Chatfield, AIE 8th Australian Coal Science Conference (1998) 57-63
L0014 - Thermal properties and structural aspects of PbO-SiO2-B2O3 glasses
x
V.K. Shrikhande, V. Sudarsan, G.P. Kothiyal, S.K. Kulshreshtha, Thermans (2002) 213-215
L0013 - Thermal expansion properties of some sealing and related glasses and glass ceramics
x
G.P. Kothiyal, V.K. Shrikhande, M. Goswani, Thermans (2002) 22-27
L0012 - Sintering of a transition alumina : Effects of phase transformation, powder characteristics and thermal cycle.
The effects of several parameters on the pressureless sintering of a commercially available transition alumina has been investigated. The capacity of the particles to re-arrange during the phase transformation into the alpha-alumina phase has been shown to be a key feature in the densification mechanism. The degree to which the particle re-arrangement can lead to an enhanced densification over and above the change in density due to the phase transformation from y to alpha phase depends on several parameters: compact density, heating rate and the amount of alpha-alumina present in the as-supplied raw powder. The parameters influencing the degree of particle re-arrangement and what directions to take to improve on the above densities and grain sizes are discussed.
C. Legros, C. Carry, P. Bowen and H. Hofmann, Journal of European Ceramic Society 19 (1999) 1967-1978
L0011 - Pre-eutectic densification of calcium carbonate doped with lithium carbonate.
Pressureless sintering of CaCO3 was carried out, with Li2CO3 (from 0.5 to 8 wt%) as an additive, under different pressures of CO2. Densification occurs between 600 and 700¡C. Sintering above the eutectic temperature (T>662¡C) leads to the decomposition of calcium carbonate and the materials become expanded. At 620¡ under 1 kPa of CO2, a relative density of 96% is reached. Li2CO3 enhances the densification process and grain growth of calcium carbonate. CO2 pressure slows down densification and grain growth kinetics. These results are explained by the influence of carbonate and calcium ion vacancies on the sintering mechanisms.
F. Ttard, D. Bernache-Assollant and E. Champion, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 56 (1999) 1461-1473
L0010 - Dimensional stability and defect chemistry of doped lanthanum chromites.
Acceptor doped lanthanum chromites are potential interconnect materials to be used in high temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC). However, instability of these materials when exposed to low oxygen partial pressure causes a volume expansion that can be detrimental to the SOFC performance. The stability of La0.8Sr0.2Cr0.97V0.03O3 is determined as function ofpO2 and temperature by isothermal thermogravimetry and dilatometry. The experimental data are analysed using a simple model for the defect chemistry. The relation between expansion behaviour and change in defect chemistry is discussed using a simple structural model.
P.H. Larsen, P.V. Hendriksen and M. Mogensen, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 49 (1997) 1263-1275
L0009 - Microstructure and piezoelectric properties of slip cast barium titanate ceramics
x
J. Lemaitre, C. Herard and D. Vogel, Third Euro-Ceramics 2 (1993) 59-64
L0008 - Effect of Yttrium doping on sintering of fine grained alumina
x
E. Sato and C. Carry, Third Euro-Ceramics 1 (1993) 691-696
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